About the Authors

Laura Bavagnoli

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics National Research Council, Pavia, Italy

William G. Dundon

Affiliation World Organization for Animal Health, Food and Agriculture Organization and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy

Anna Garbelli

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics National Research Council, Pavia, Italy

Bianca Zecchin

Affiliation World Organization for Animal Health, Food and Agriculture Organization and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy

Adelaide Milani

Affiliation World Organization for Animal Health, Food and Agriculture Organization and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy

Geetha Parakkal

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics National Research Council, Pavia, Italy

Fausto Baldanti

Affiliation Molecular Virology Unit, Virology and Microbiology, Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy

Stefania Paolucci

Affiliation Molecular Virology Unit, Virology and Microbiology, Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy

Romain Volmer

Affiliation Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale de Veterinaire, Unitè Mixte de Recherche 1225, Interactions Hotes-Agents Pathogènes, Toulouse, France

Yizeng Tu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chuanyue Wu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ilaria Capua

Affiliation World Organization for Animal Health, Food and Agriculture Organization and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy

Giovanni Maga

maga@igm.cnr.it

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics National Research Council, Pavia, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GM WGD. Performed the experiments: LB AG GP WGD BZ. Analyzed the data: GM WGD IC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RV AM YT CW FB SP. Wrote the paper: GM LB.