About the Authors

Guanpingsheng Luo

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America

Ashraf S. Ibrahim

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Samuel W. French

Affiliations David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America

John E. Edwards Jr

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Yue Fu

yfu@labiomed.org

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflict: ASI, JEE, and YF own equity in NovaDigm Therapeutics, Inc., which is developing vaccine technologies. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLos ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GL ASI JEE YF. Performed the experiments: GL ASI SWF YF. Analyzed the data: GL ASI SWF JEE YF. Wrote the paper: GL ASI JEE YF.