About the Authors

Lu Huang

Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Catherine Qiurong Pan

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Baowen Li

Affiliation Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Lisa Tucker-Kellogg

Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Bruce Tidor

Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore

Yuzong Chen

phacyz@nus.edu.sg (YC); dbslowbc@nus.edu.sg (BCL)

Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Boon Chuan Low

phacyz@nus.edu.sg (YC); dbslowbc@nus.edu.sg (BCL)

Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the simulations: LH BT YC BCL. Performed the simulations: LH. Conceived and designed the data analysis: LH CQP BL LTK BT YC BCL. Analyzed the data: LH YC BCL. Wrote the manuscript: LH LTK BT YC BCL.