About the Authors

James P. Higham

jhigham@dpz.eu

Affiliations Junior Research Group Primate Sexual Selection, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Cédric Girard-Buttoz

Affiliations Junior Research Group Primate Sexual Selection, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

Antje Engelhardt

Affiliations Junior Research Group Primate Sexual Selection, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

Michael Heistermann

Affiliation Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JPH CG-B AE MH. Performed the experiments: CG-B MH. Analyzed the data: JPH CG-B AE MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MH. Wrote the paper: JPH CG-B AE MH.