About the Authors

Cynthia Firnhaber

Contributed equally to this work with: Cynthia Firnhaber, Livio Azzoni

Affiliation Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Livio Azzoni

Contributed equally to this work with: Cynthia Firnhaber, Livio Azzoni

Affiliation The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrea S. Foulkes

Affiliation Division of Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert Gross

Affiliation Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Xiangfan Yin

Affiliation The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Desiree Van Amsterdam

Affiliation Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Doreen Schulze

Affiliation Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Deborah K. Glencross

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Services, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Wendy Stevens

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Services, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Gillian Hunt

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa

Lynn Morris

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa

Lawrence Fox

Affiliation Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ian Sanne

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Luis J. Montaner

montaner@wistar.org

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CF LA ASF RG DKG WS LM LF IS LJM. Performed the experiments: CF LA XY DVA DS DKG GH LM . Analyzed the data: CF LA ASF RG XY DVA DS DKG WS GH LM LF IS LJM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ASF RG DKG WS GH LM IS LJM. Wrote the paper: CF LA ASF RG XY DVA DS DKG WS GH LM LF IS LJM. Data management: LA ASF XY DVA DS DKG WS GH.