About the Authors

Jonathan Silvertown

J.Silvertown@open.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Laurence Cook

Affiliation Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Robert Cameron

Affiliation Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Mike Dodd

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Kevin McConway

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Jenny Worthington

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Peter Skelton

Affiliation Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Christian Anton

Current address: Department of Policy Advice, National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Halle, Germany

Affiliation Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany

Oliver Bossdorf

Affiliation Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Bruno Baur

Affiliation Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Menno Schilthuizen

Affiliation Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands

Benoît Fontaine

Affiliation Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

Helmut Sattmann

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Natural History Museum of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Giorgio Bertorelle

Affiliation Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Maria Correia

Affiliation Ciência Viva - National Agency for Scientific and Technological Culture, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Cristina Oliveira

Affiliation Ciência Viva - National Agency for Scientific and Technological Culture, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Beata Pokryszko

Affiliation Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland

Małgorzata Ożgo

Affiliation Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University, Słupsk, Poland

Arturs Stalažs

Affiliation Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele, Latvia

Eoin Gill

Affiliation Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland

Üllar Rammul

Affiliation Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Péter Sólymos

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Zoltan Féher

Affiliation Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary

Xavier Juan

Affiliation Department of Science, INS Sant Quirze, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Spain

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JS LC RC MD KM PS. Performed the experiments: JS LC RC MD KM JW PS CA OB BB MS BF HS GB MC CO BP MO AS EG UR PS ZF XJ. Analyzed the data: JS LC RC MD KM. Wrote the paper: JS LC KM.