About the Authors

Angel A. Luciano

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida and USF Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America

Haiyan Yu

Affiliations Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacDonald Women's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Leila W. Jackson

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Lisa A. Wolfe

Affiliation Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacDonald Women's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Helene B. Bernstein

hbb22@case.edu

Affiliation Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacDonald Women's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AAL HBB. Performed the experiments: HY HBB AAL. Analyzed the data: AAL LWJ HBB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AAL LAW HBB. Wrote the paper: AAL LWJ HBB HY. Consented patients: LAW.