About the Authors

Ann Levin

annlevin@verizon.net

Affiliation Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Arnold Fang

Current address: National Graduation Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliation GAVI Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland

Peter M. Hansen

Affiliation GAVI Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland

David Pyle

Affiliation John Snow International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America

Ousmane Dia

Affiliation John Snow International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America

Nina Schwalbe

Affiliation GAVI Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland

Competing Interests

GAVI contracted John Snow International to conduct the research and John Snow International contracted with Ann Levin to lead the research team. This affiliation this does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AL AF DP OD. Performed the experiments: AL OD. Analyzed the data: AL. Wrote the paper: AL AF PH DP OD NRS. Consultant to John Snow International for the research: AL. Assisted in writing and editing of the paper: AF PH. Was formerly an employee of GAVI: AF. Assisted in writing: DP. Edited the paper: DP NRS.