About the Authors

Yehuda Ben-Shahar

Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Beika Lu

Affiliation Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Daniel M. Collier

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Peter M. Snyder

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Mikael Schnizler

Current address: Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Michael J. Welsh

michael-welsh@uiowa.edu

Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YBS PMS MJW. Performed the experiments: YBS BL DMC. Analyzed the data: YBS PMS MJW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YBS PMS MS. Wrote the paper: YBS MJW.