About the Authors

Viswanathan Palanisamy

visu@musc.edu (VP); dtww@ucla.edu (DTW)

Affiliation Department of Craniofacial Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Shivani Sharma

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Amit Deshpande

Affiliation School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Hui Zhou

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

James Gimzewski

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics Satellite (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan

David T. Wong

visu@musc.edu (VP); dtww@ucla.edu (DTW)

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Division of Head and Neck Surgery/Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Henry Samuel School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VP JG DW. Performed the experiments: VP SS AD. Analyzed the data: VP SS HZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VP DW. Wrote the paper: VP DW.