About the Authors

Darryl R. Davis

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Yiqiang Zhang

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Rachel R. Smith

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Ke Cheng

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

John Terrovitis

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Konstantinos Malliaras

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Tao-Sheng Li

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Anthony White

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Raj Makkar

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Eduardo Marbán

eduardo.marban@csmc.edu

Affiliation Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr Eduardo Marbán holds equity in a private company (Capricor Inc.) that licenses techniques used to manufacture cardiac stem cells. Dr Rachel Ruckdeschel Smith is employed by Capricor Inc. Capricor provided no funding for the present work. The remaining co-authors have nothing to disclose.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DRD YZ RRS EM. Performed the experiments: DRD YZ RRS KC JT KM TSL AW. Analyzed the data: DRD YZ RRS. Wrote the paper: DRD YZ RRS RM EM.