About the Authors

Anna E. Vaudano

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Policlinico Umberto I°, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Helmut Laufs

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom, Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Stefan J. Kiebel

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany

David W. Carmichael

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Khalid Hamandi

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Maxime Guye

Affiliation CRMBM, CNRS UMR6612 & INSERM, Unit ‘Epilepsy and Cognition’ U751, CHU TIMONE et Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France

Rachel Thornton

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Roman Rodionov

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Karl J. Friston

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom

John S. Duncan

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

Louis Lemieux

l.lemieux @ion.ucl.ac.uk

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AEV HL SJK DWC KH MG RT RR JD LL. Performed the experiments: AEV HL. Analyzed the data: AEV LL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AEV HL SJK DWC RR KJF. Wrote the paper: AEV HL SJK DWC MG KJF JD LL.