About the Authors

Thorsten Thye

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

Genevieve Scarisbrick

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Edmund N. L. Browne

Affiliation Department of Community Health, College of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Margaret Amanua Chinbuah

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana

John Gyapong

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana

Ivy Osei

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana

Ellis Owusu-Dabo

Affiliations Department of Community Health, College of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana

Stefan Niemann

Affiliation National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany

Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes

Affiliation National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany

Christian G. Meyer

c.g.meyer@bni-hamburg.de

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Rolf D. Horstmann

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SRG CGM RDH. Performed the experiments: SN. Analyzed the data: TT GS SN CGM. Wrote the paper: TT RDH. Involved in recruitment of patients and controls: EB MAC JG IO EOD.