About the Authors

Bernhard Egger

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Dirk Steinke

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

Affiliation Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Hiroshi Tarui

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

Affiliation Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan

Katrien De Mulder

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

Affiliation Department of Biology, Nematology Section, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

Detlev Arendt

Affiliation Developmental Biology Programme, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Gaëtan Borgonie

Affiliation Department of Biology, Nematology Section, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

Noriko Funayama

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Robert Gschwentner

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Volker Hartenstein

Affiliation Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Bert Hobmayer

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Matthew Hooge

Affiliation School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America

Martina Hrouda

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Sachiko Ishida

Affiliation Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

Chiyoko Kobayashi

Affiliations Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan, Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

Georg Kuales

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Osamu Nishimura

Affiliation Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan

Daniela Pfister

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Reinhard Rieger

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Willi Salvenmoser

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Julian Smith III

Affiliation Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States of America

Ulrich Technau

Affiliation Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Seth Tyler

styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

Affiliation School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America

Kiyokazu Agata

styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Walter Salzburger

styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

Affiliation Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Peter Ladurner

styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BE DS HT KDM RR ST KA WS PL. Performed the experiments: BE DS HT KDM RG MH CK GK ON DP WS PL. Analyzed the data: BE DS HT KDM DA GB NF RG VH BH MH MH SI CK GK ON DP RR WS JSI UT ST KA WS PL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BE DS HT DA GB NF RG VH BH MH SI JSI UT ST KA WS PL. Wrote the paper: BE DS KDM RR JSI ST KA WS PL.