About the Authors

Kentaro Q. Sakamoto

sakamoto@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Katsufumi Sato

Affiliation International Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Otsuchi, Iwate, Japan

Mayumi Ishizuka

Affiliation Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yutaka Watanuki

Affiliation Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

Akinori Takahashi

Affiliation National Institute of Polar Research, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan

Francis Daunt

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Sarah Wanless

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KQS KS. Performed the experiments: YW AT FD SW. Analyzed the data: KQS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MI. Wrote the paper: KQS. Polished the English: FD SW.