About the Authors

Melissa K. Andrew

Affiliation Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Arnold B. Mitnitski

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Kenneth Rockwood

kenneth.rockwood@dal.ca

Affiliation Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KR MA. Analyzed the data: MA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM. Wrote the paper: AM KR MA.