About the Authors

Joshua T. Herbeck

Contributed equally to this work with: Joshua T. Herbeck, Geoffrey S. Gottlieb

Affiliation University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Geoffrey S. Gottlieb

Contributed equally to this work with: Joshua T. Herbeck, Geoffrey S. Gottlieb

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gottlieb@u.washington.edu

Affiliation University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiuhong Li

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Zheng Hu

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Roger Detels

Affiliation University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

John Phair

Affiliation Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Charles Rinaldo

Affiliation University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Lisa P. Jacobson

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Joseph B. Margolick

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Affiliation University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GG JH. Analyzed the data: LJ GG JH JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM CR LJ JP RD ZH XL JM. Wrote the paper: GG JH. Other: Helped write the paper: JIM JBM. Performed statistical analysis: ZH XL.