About the Authors

Dennis Morrison

Affiliation Bio-Kinetic Clinical Applications, Springfield, Missouri, United States of America

Sandip Roy

Affiliation Novartis Exploratory Clinical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and East Hanover, New Jersey, United States of America

Craig Rayner

Affiliation F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland

Ahmed Amer

Affiliation Novartis Exploratory Clinical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and East Hanover, New Jersey, United States of America

Dan Howard

Affiliation Novartis Exploratory Clinical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and East Hanover, New Jersey, United States of America

James R. Smith

Affiliation F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland

Thomas G. Evans

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: thomasg.evans@novartis.com

Affiliation Novartis Exploratory Clinical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and East Hanover, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

All of the authors except D. Morrison are employees of the two companies, Roche and Novartis, that jointly financed this study.

Author Contributions

Other: Carried out and executed the study: DM AA. Analyzed the data: DM SR CR AA DH JS TE. Enrolled all the patients: DM. Carried out PK analyses: SR CR. Conceived and designed the experiments: CR DH JS TE. Contributed reagents/materials: CR. Wrote the protocol: AA. Wrote the paper: JS TE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TE. Got Roche support: JS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, Got Novartis support: TE.