About the Authors

João Pinto

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jpinto@ihmt.unl.pt

Affiliations Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Amy Lynd

Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

José L. Vicente

Affiliation Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal

Federica Santolamazza

Affiliation Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sezione di Parassitologia, Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Roma - La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

Nadine P. Randle

Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Gabriele Gentile

Affiliation Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma - Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

Marta Moreno

Affiliation Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Frédéric Simard

Affiliations Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Jacques Derek Charlwood

Affiliation DBL – Institute for Health Research and Development, Charlottenlund, Denmark

Virgílio E. do Rosário

Affiliation Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal

Adalgisa Caccone

Affiliation Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Alessandra della Torre

Affiliation Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sezione di Parassitologia, Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Roma - La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

Martin J. Donnelly

Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AC JP MD Ad. Performed the experiments: AC FS JP AL NR JV FS GG MM. Analyzed the data: JP MD Ad. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Vd JC. Wrote the paper: AC Vd FS JP AL NR MD JV FS Ad GG MM JC.