About the Authors

Malcolm G. Semple

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.g.semple@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliations Division of Child Health, School of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Division of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Hinke M. Dankert

Affiliation Division of Child Health, School of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Bahram Ebrahimi

Affiliation Division of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Jailson B. Correia

Affiliation Division of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

J. Angela Booth

Affiliation Division of Child Health, School of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

James P. Stewart

Affiliation Division of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Rosalind L. Smyth

Affiliation Division of Child Health, School of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

C. Anthony Hart

Affiliation Division of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RS CH MS. Performed the experiments: MS HD BE JC JB. Analyzed the data: MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS CH MS BE JC. Wrote the paper: CH MS.