About the Authors

Shoko Kasuga

Affiliations Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

Masaya Hirashima

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Daichi Nozaki

nozaki@p.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SK DN. Performed the experiments: SK MH. Analyzed the data: SK MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SK MH. Wrote the paper: SK MH DN.