About the Authors

Neal R. Haddaway

Affiliations School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Ruth H. Wilcox

Affiliation Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Rachael E. A. Heptonstall

Affiliation Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Hannah M. Griffiths

Affiliation Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Robert J. G. Mortimer

Affiliation School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Martin Christmas

Affiliation Environment Agency, Leeds, United Kingdom

Alison M. Dunn

a.dunn@leeds.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NRH AMD HMG. Performed the experiments: NRH RHW HMG REAH. Analyzed the data: NRH HMG REAH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NRH RHW HMG REAH AD MC RJGM. Wrote the paper: NRH AD. Significant manuscript editing: NRH AD MC RJGM.