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January 2009

This photograph shows an adult male Lutzomyia longipalpis, which is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas and a species complex. Males of the L. longipalpis complex from Brazil produce different types of copulation songs and pheromones. The Brazilian populations of this vector also display a high level of complexity in genetic divergence and gene-flow (see Araki et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000365).

Image Credit: Gabriel E. M. Ferreira, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Editorial

Waging Peace through Neglected Tropical Disease Control: A US Foreign Policy for the Bottom Billion

Peter J. Hotez, Tommy G. Thompson

Research Articles

Mefloquine—An Aminoalcohol with Promising Antischistosomal Properties in Mice

Jennifer Keiser, Jacques Chollet, Shu-Hua Xiao, Jin-Yan Mei, Pei-Ying Jiao, Jürg Utzinger, Marcel Tanner

The Effect of Insecticide Synergists on the Response of Scabies Mites to Pyrethroid Acaricides

Cielo Pasay, Larry Arlian, Marjorie Morgan, Robin Gunning, Louise Rossiter, Deborah Holt, Shelley Walton, Simone Beckham, James McCarthy

Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination Programme in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal: Reshaping the Case Finding/Case Management Strategy

Dinesh Mondal, Shri Prakash Singh, Narendra Kumar, Anand Joshi, Shyam Sundar, Pradeep Das, Hirve Siddhivinayak, Axel Kroeger, Marleen Boelaert

Discovery of a Non-Peptidic Inhibitor of West Nile Virus NS3 Protease by High-Throughput Docking

Dariusz Ekonomiuk, Xun-Cheng Su, Kiyoshi Ozawa, Christophe Bodenreider, Siew Pheng Lim, Zheng Yin, Thomas H. Keller, David Beer, Viral Patel, Gottfried Otting, Amedeo Caflisch, Danzhi Huang

Taste, A New Incentive to Switch to (R)-Praziquantel in Schistosomiasis Treatment

Thorsten Meyer, Harald Sekljic, Stefan Fuchs, Heiko Bothe, Dieter Schollmeyer, Christian Miculka

Diagnostic Accuracy of NS1 ELISA and Lateral Flow Rapid Tests for Dengue Sensitivity, Specificity and Relationship to Viraemia and Antibody Responses

Vu Ty Hang, Nguyen Minh Nguyet, Dinh The Trung, Vianney Tricou, Sutee Yoksan, Nguyen Minh Dung, Tran Van Ngoc, Tran Tinh Hien, Jeremy Farrar, Bridget Wills, Cameron P. Simmons

Prevalence Distribution and Risk Factors for Schistosoma hematobium Infection among School Children in Blantyre, Malawi

Atupele P. Kapito-Tembo, Victor Mwapasa, Steven R. Meshnick, Young Samanyika, Dan Banda, Cameron Bowie, Sarah Radke

Cost-Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Vector Control Strategies in Northwestern Argentina

Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Cynthia Spillmann, Mario Zaidenberg, Uriel Kitron, Ricardo E. Gürtler

Landscape Changes Influence the Occurrence of the Melioidosis Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil in Northern Australia

Mirjam Kaestli, Mark Mayo, Glenda Harrington, Linda Ward, Felicity Watt, Jason V. Hill, Allen C. Cheng, Bart J. Currie

A New PCR-Based Approach Indicates the Range of Clonorchis sinensis Now Extends to Central Thailand

Rebecca J. Traub, Julie Macaranas, Mathirut Mungthin, Saovanee Leelayoova, Thomas Cribb, K. Darwin Murrell, R. C. Andrew Thompson

Molecular and Behavioral Differentiation among Brazilian Populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Alejandra S. Araki, Felipe M. Vigoder, Luiz G. S. R. Bauzer, Gabriel E. M. Ferreira, Nataly A. Souza, Izeneide B. Araújo, James G. C. Hamilton, Reginaldo P. Brazil, Alexandre A. Peixoto

Field Validity and Feasibility of Four Techniques for the Detection of Trichuris in Simians: A Model for Monitoring Drug Efficacy in Public Health?

Bruno Levecke, Nathalie De Wilde, Els Vandenhoute, Jozef Vercruysse

The Importance of pH in Regulating the Function of the Fasciola hepatica Cathepsin L1 Cysteine Protease

Jonathan Lowther, Mark W. Robinson, Sheila M. Donnelly, Weibo Xu, Colin M. Stack, Jacqueline M. Matthews, John P. Dalton

Geohelminth Infections among Pregnant Women in Rural Western Kenya; a Cross-Sectional Study

Anna M. van Eijk, Kim A. Lindblade, Frank Odhiambo, Elizabeth Peterson, Daniel H. Rosen, Diana Karanja, John G. Ayisi, Ya Ping Shi, Kubaje Adazu, Laurence Slutsker

Taenia solium Cysticercosis Hotspots Surrounding Tapeworm Carriers: Clustering on Human Seroprevalence but Not on Seizures

Andres G. Lescano, Hector H. Garcia, Robert H. Gilman, Cesar M. Gavidia, Victor C. W. Tsang, Silvia Rodriguez, Lawrence H. Moulton, Manuel V. Villaran, Silvia M. Montano, Armando E. Gonzalez, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru