Fig 1.
Current interventions in the helminth control project, conducted between 2019 and 2024.
Fig 2.
Schematic representation of the STH transmission dynamic model with interventions.
The compartments represent both mean worm populations (Mp, Mc, Ma) and estimated infections (P, C, A) from PSAC, SAC and adults respectively. The solid lines represent the flows from compartment to compartment in the ordinary differential equations, while the dotted lines represent the estimation of prevalence given the mean worm for each population.
Table 1.
Description of model parameters and values.
Table 2.
Summary of designed intervention on difference targeting population and coverage.
Fig 3.
The overall prevalence of any helminth infections between 2002 and 2020 based on the school types.
(A) Border patrol police schools, (B) Schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, (C) Community learning centers of the Office of the Non-formal Education Commission, (D) Monastic schools under the National Office of Buddhism, (E) Private Islamic schools under the Office of the Private Education Commission, (F) Schools under the local government and child development centers, (G) Schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), and (H) Rajaprajanugroh schools.
Table 3.
Results of parameters estimated for the STH transmission dynamic model.
Fig 4.
Comparing the observed and model estimates of prevalences of STH in Thailand between 2002 and 2020.
The black dots indicate observed prevalence data, and the black line indicates model estimate prevalences. The red dotted line indicates the 95% credible intervals (CrI) of model estimates.
Table 4.
Time series prevalence of STH and worm number estimate data under the current intervention targeting SAC only.
Fig 5.
Model prediction of the prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 and 2033 under the current intervention with its expansion to adults.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 6.
Model prediction of the prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 and 2033 under the current intervention with its expansion to PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 7.
Model prediction of the prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 and 2033 under the current intervention with its expansion to both adults and PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 8.
The model’s predictions of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual MDA expanded to adults.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 9.
The model’s prediction of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual MDA expanded to PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 10.
The model’s prediction of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual MDA expanded to both adults and PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 11.
The model’s prediction of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual TnT expanded to adults.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 12.
The model’s prediction of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual TnT expanded to PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.
Fig 13.
The model’s prediction of prevalence of STH and mean worm number between 2024 to 2033 under the current intervention compared with biannual TnT expanded to both adults and PSAC.
The prevalence of STH and mean number of worms in PSAC (A and B), SAC (C and D), and adults (E and F) are shown, with the mean number of worms in the environment shown in G.