About the Authors

Nancy Ackam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Charity Wiafe Akenten

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Abigail Opoku Boadi

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana

Abigail Agbanyo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana

Kabiru Mohammed Abass

Roles Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Agogo Presbyterian Hospital, Agogo, Ghana

George Amofa

Roles Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dunkwa Government Hospital, Dunkwa, Ghana

Elizabeth Ofori

Roles Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tepa Government Hospital, Tepa, Ghana

Joseph Azabire

Roles Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wassa Akropong District Hospital, Wassa Akropong, Ghana

Augustina Sylverken

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Kwasi Obiri-Danso

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Mark Wansbrough-Jones

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Thorsten Thye

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany

Denise Dekker

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany

Yaw Ampem Amoako

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

yamoako2002@yahoo.co.uk

Affiliations Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Richard Odame Phillips

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.