About the Authors

Joshua V. Garn

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Sophie Boisson

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Rebecca Willis

Roles Data curation, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Trachoma Initiative, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States of America

Ana Bakhtiari

Roles Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Trachoma Initiative, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States of America

Tawfik al-Khatib

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen

Khaled Amer

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt

Wilfrid Batcho

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Programme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Transmissibles, Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin

Paul Courtright

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology International, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Michael Dejene

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Michael Dejene Public Health Consultancy Services, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Andre Goepogui

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ministère de la Santé, Programme Oncho-Cécité-MTN, Conakry, République de Guinée

Khumbo Kalua

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Blantyre Institute for Community Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Malawi

Biruck Kebede

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Colin K. Macleod

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sightsavers, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom

Kouakou IIunga Marie Madeleine

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Programme National de la Santé Oculaire et de la Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire

Mariamo Saide Abdala Mbofana

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Programa Nacional de Oftalmologia, Maputo, Mocambique

Caleb Mpyet

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology International, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Sightsavers, Kaduna, Nigeria

Jean Ndjemba

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Direction de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Ministere de la Santé Publique, Republique Democratique du Congo

Nicholas Olobio

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria

Alexandre L. Pavluck

Roles Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Trachoma Initiative, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States of America

Oliver Sokana

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Eye Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands

Khamphoua Southisombath

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Ophthalmology Center, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Fasihah Taleo

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation World Health Organization, Port Vila, Vanuatu

Anthony W. Solomon

Contributed equally to this work with: Anthony W. Solomon, Matthew C. Freeman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Matthew C. Freeman

Contributed equally to this work with: Anthony W. Solomon, Matthew C. Freeman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

matthew.freeman@emory.edu.

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Competing Interests

MCF has received funding as a consultant for WHO as part of separate assessments of sanitation on health. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. The authors declare no other competing interests exist.