About the Authors

Jesse H. Erasmus

Affiliations Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

James Needham

Affiliation InBios International, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Syamal Raychaudhuri

Affiliation InBios International, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Michael S. Diamond

Affiliation Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

David W. C. Beasley

Affiliations Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Stan Morkowski

Affiliation InBios International, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Henrik Salje

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France

Ildefonso Fernandez Salas

Affiliation Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Publica INSP. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico

Dal Young Kim

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Ilya Frolov

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Farooq Nasar

Affiliations Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Scott C. Weaver

sweaver@utmb.edu

Affiliations Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JHE, FN, and SCW have a patent application entitled "Alphavirus Compositions and Methods of Use” pending, which includes technology reported in this paper. InBios International, Inc. provided support in the form of salaries for authors JN, SM, and SR, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. SR has an ownership at InBios. InBios has a license to the pending patent. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JHE DWCB FN SCW. Performed the experiments: JHE JN FN SM. Analyzed the data: JHE FN SCW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JN SR SM MSD HS IFS DYK IF. Wrote the paper: JHE FN SCW.