About the Authors

Mathew A. Beale

Affiliations Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom

Wilber Sabiiti

Affiliations Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom, School of Medicine University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom

Emma J. Robertson

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom

Karen M. Fuentes-Cabrejo

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom

Simon J. O’Hanlon

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom

Joseph N. Jarvis

Affiliations Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Angela Loyse

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom

Graeme Meintjes

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Thomas S. Harrison

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom

Robin C. May

Affiliations Institute of Microbiology and Infection and the School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals of Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Matthew C. Fisher

matthew.fisher@imperial.ac.uk (MCF); tbicanic@sgul.ac.uk (TB)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom

Tihana Bicanic

matthew.fisher@imperial.ac.uk (MCF); tbicanic@sgul.ac.uk (TB)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAB WS EJR TSH RCM MCF TB. Performed the experiments: MAB WS EJR KMFC. Analyzed the data: MAB SJO MCF TB GM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AL JNJ RCM MCF TSH TB. Wrote the paper: MAB MCF TB GM. Conducted and managed the clinical trials, collated and analysed the clinical data: JNJ AL GM TSH TB.