About the Authors

Chad Wells

chad.wells@yale.edu

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Dan Yamin

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Natasha Wenzel

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Stephen G. Gaffney

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Jeffrey P. Townsend

Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Lauren Ancel Meyers

Affiliations Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America,, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America,

Mosoka Fallah

Affiliation Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia,

Tolbert G. Nyenswah

Affiliation Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia,

Frederick L. Altice

Affiliations Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Katherine E. Atkins

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Alison P. Galvani

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CW DY MLNM KEA NW APG. Performed the experiments: CW. Analyzed the data: CW DY SGG MLNM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MF TGN. Wrote the paper: CW DY MLNM JPT NW LAM FLA KEA APG.