About the Authors
- Rosanna Ghinai
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Affiliation Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Philip El-Duah
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kai-Hua Chi
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Affiliation Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Allan Pillay
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Affiliation Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Anthony W. Solomon
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Affiliations Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Robin L. Bailey
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Affiliations Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Nsiire Agana
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Affiliation Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
- David C. W. Mabey
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Affiliations Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Cheng-Yen Chen
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Affiliation Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
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Contributed equally to this work with: Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Michael Marks
Affiliation Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Michael Marks
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Contributed equally to this work with: Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Michael Marks
* E-mail: michael.marks@lshtm.ac.uk
Affiliations Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MM YAS DCWM NA RLB AWS. Performed the experiments: RG PED KHC AP CYC. Analyzed the data: RG PED KHC AP CYC MM YAS DCWM NA RLB AWS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KHC AP CYC YAS MM. Wrote the paper: RG PED KHC AP CYC MM YAS DCWM NA RLB AWS.