About the Authors

Luis R. Carrasco

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Yee Sin Leo

Yee_Sin_Leo@ttsh.com.sg

Affiliations Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Alex R. Cook

Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Biodefence Centre, Ministry of Defence, Singapore, Singapore

Vernon J. Lee

Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Biodefence Centre, Ministry of Defence, Singapore, Singapore, Centre for Health Services Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Tun L. Thein

Affiliation Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

Chi Jong Go

Affiliation Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

David C. Lye

Affiliations Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

VJL has received unrelated research grants from GlaxoSmithKline. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YSL CJG DCL. Performed the experiments: CJG DCL TLT. Analyzed the data: LRC ARC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YSL CJG DCL TLT LRC ARC VJL. Wrote the paper: YSL CJG DCL TLT LRC ARC VJL.