About the Authors

Cheikh Sokhna

Contributed equally to this work with: Cheikh Sokhna, Oleg Mediannikov

didier.raoult@gmail.com (DR); cheikh.sokhna@ird.fr (CS)

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Oleg Mediannikov

Contributed equally to this work with: Cheikh Sokhna, Oleg Mediannikov

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Florence Fenollar

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Hubert Bassene

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Georges Diatta

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Adama Tall

Affiliation Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

Jean-François Trape

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Michel Drancourt

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Didier Raoult

didier.raoult@gmail.com (DR); cheikh.sokhna@ird.fr (CS)

Affiliations URMITE, IRD 198, UM63, CNRS 7278, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Campus commun UCAD-IRD d'Hann, Dakar, Senegal

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CS OM DR. Performed the experiments: OM HB GD. Analyzed the data: CS OM FF DR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FF AT JFT MD DR. Wrote the paper: OM CS MD DR.