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October 2021

As human populations enjoy extended life expectancy and undergo the epidemiological transition to non-communicable diseases, growth in cancer incidence and prevalence is bringing about an urgent need for improvements in cancer diagnosis, treatment and care in many countries, calling for increased research and investment. In an Editorial, Beryne Odeny discusses the aims and contents of the journal's Special Issue on early cancer detection and minimal residual disease. Articles in the issue were selected along with Guest Editors Chris Abbosh, Sara-Jane Dawson and Charles Swanton, and document innovations that have the potential to inform cancer research, care and policy.

Image Credit: Cecil Fox, NCI, NIH

Policy Forum

Medical journal requirements for clinical trial data sharing: Ripe for improvement

Florian Naudet, Maximilian Siebert, Claude Pellen, Jeanne Gaba, Cathrine Axfors, Ioana Cristea, Valentin Danchev, Ulrich Mansmann, Christian Ohmann, Joshua D. Wallach, David Moher, John P. A. Ioannidis

Guidelines and Guidance

Recommended reporting items for epidemic forecasting and prediction research: The EPIFORGE 2020 guidelines

Simon Pollett, Michael A. Johansson, Nicholas G. Reich, David Brett-Major, Sara Y. Del Valle, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Rachel Lowe, Travis Porco, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Alina Deshpande, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, David L. Blazes, Wirichada Pan-ngum, Alessandro Vespigiani, Suzanne E. Mate, Sheetal P. Silal, Sasikiran Kandula, Rachel Sippy, Talia M. Quandelacy, Jeffrey J. Morgan, Jacob Ball, Lindsay C. Morton, Benjamin M. Althouse, Julie Pavlin, Wilbert van Panhuis, Steven Riley, Matthew Biggerstaff, Cecile Viboud, Oliver Brady, Caitlin Rivers

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Collection Review

The global burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria is obscure and insidious

Katherine E. Battle, J. Kevin Baird

Research Articles

Different dose regimens of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) in younger and older adults: A phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial

Neil Formica, Raburn Mallory, Gary Albert, Michelle Robinson, Joyce S. Plested, Iksung Cho, Andreana Robertson, Filip Dubovsky, Gregory M. Glenn, for the 2019nCoV-101 Study Group

Testing approaches to sharing trial results with participants: The Show RESPECT cluster randomised, factorial, mixed methods trial

Annabelle South, Nalinie Joharatnam-Hogan, Cara Purvis, Elizabeth C. James, Carlos Diaz-Montana, William J. Cragg, Conor Tweed, Archie Macnair, Matthew R. Sydes, Claire Snowdon, Katie Gillies, Talia Isaacs, Barbara E. Bierer, Andrew J. Copas

The EmpaTeach intervention for reducing physical violence from teachers to students in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp: A cluster-randomised controlled trial

Camilla Fabbri, Katherine Rodrigues, Baptiste Leurent, Elizabeth Allen, Mary Qiu, Martin Zuakulu, Dennis Nombo, Michael Kaemingk, Alexandra De Filippo, Gerard Torrats-Espinosa, Elizabeth Shayo, Vivien Barongo, Giulia Greco, Wietse Tol, Karen M. Devries

COVID-19 vaccination in Sindh Province, Pakistan: A modelling study of health impact and cost-effectiveness

Carl A. B. Pearson, Fiammetta Bozzani, Simon R. Procter, Nicholas G. Davies, Maryam Huda, Henning Tarp Jensen, Marcus Keogh-Brown, Muhammad Khalid, Sedona Sweeney, Sergio Torres-Rueda, CHiL COVID-19 Working Group, CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Rosalind M. Eggo, Anna Vassall, Mark Jit

Related Articles

Fatal opioid overdoses during and shortly after hospital admissions in England: A case-crossover study

Dan Lewer, Brian Eastwood, Martin White, Thomas D. Brothers, Martin McCusker, Caroline Copeland, Michael Farrell, Irene Petersen

Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Jing Song, Mhairi K. Brown, Monique Tan, Graham A. MacGregor, Jacqui Webster, Norm R. C. Campbell, Kathy Trieu, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Laura K. Cobb, Feng J. He

Clinical interventions for adults with comorbid alcohol use and depressive disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Sean Grant, Gulrez Azhar, Eugeniu Han, Marika Booth, Aneesa Motala, Jody Larkin, Susanne Hempel

Behavioural activation to prevent depression and loneliness among socially isolated older people with long-term conditions: The BASIL COVID-19 pilot randomised controlled trial

Simon Gilbody, Elizabeth Littlewood, Dean McMillan, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham, Della Bailey, Samantha Gascoyne, Claire Sloan, Lauren Burke, Peter Coventry, Suzanne Crosland, Caroline Fairhurst, Andrew Henry, Catherine Hewitt, Kalpita Joshi, Eloise Ryde, Leanne Shearsmith, Gemma Traviss-Turner, Rebecca Woodhouse, Andrew Clegg, Tom Gentry, Andrew J. Hill, Karina Lovell, Sarah Dexter Smith, Judith Webster, David Ekers

Association of accelerometer-derived sleep measures with lifetime psychiatric diagnoses: A cross-sectional study of 89,205 participants from the UK Biobank

Michael Wainberg, Samuel E. Jones, Lindsay Melhuish Beaupre, Sean L. Hill, Daniel Felsky, Manuel A. Rivas, Andrew S. P. Lim, Hanna M. Ollila, Shreejoy J. Tripathy

Associations between cesarean delivery and child mortality: A national record linkage longitudinal study of 17.8 million births in Brazil

Enny S. Paixao, Christian Bottomley, Julia M. Pescarini, Kerry L. M. Wong, Luciana L. Cardim, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Silva, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Laura C. Rodrigues, Flavia Jôse Oliveira Alves, Maria do Carmo Leal, Maria da Conceicao N. Costa, Maria Gloria Teixeira, Maria Yury Ichihara, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L. Barreto, Oona M. R. Campbell

Related Articles

Transmission of community- and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings in the UK: A cohort study

Yin Mo, David W. Eyre, Sheila F. Lumley, Timothy M. Walker, Robert H. Shaw, Denise O’Donnell, Lisa Butcher, Katie Jeffery, Christl A. Donnelly, Oxford COVID infection review team, Ben S. Cooper

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and COVID-19 mortality in Stockholm, Sweden: A registry-based cohort study

Rita Bergqvist, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Michael Lundberg, Maria-Pia Hergens, Johan Sundström, Max Bell, Cecilia Magnusson

Modeling the epidemiological impact of the UNAIDS 2025 targets to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030

John Stover, Robert Glaubius, Yu Teng, Sherrie Kelly, Tim Brown, Timothy B. Hallett, Paul Revill, Till Bärnighausen, Andrew N. Phillips, Christopher Fontaine, Luisa Frescura, Jose Antonio Izazola-Licea, Iris Semini, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Paul R. De Lay, Adèle Schwartz Benzaken, Peter D. Ghys

Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study

Giles T. Hanley-Cook, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Biessy, Roseline Remans, Gina Kennedy, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Kris A. Murray, Mathilde Touvier, Guri Skeie, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Alemayehu Argaw, Corinne Casagrande, Geneviève Nicolas, Paolo Vineis, Christopher J. Millett, Elisabete Weiderpass, Pietro Ferrari, Christina C. Dahm, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Daniel B. Ibsen, Heinz Freisling, Stina Ramne, Franziska Jannasch, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Matthias B. Schulze, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Anne Tjønneland, Eva Ardanaz, Stina Bodén, Lluís Cirera, Giuliana Gargano, Jytte Halkjær, Paula Jakszyn, Ingegerd Johansson, Verena Katzke, Giovanna Masala, Salvatore Panico, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Carlotta Sacerdote, Bernard Srour, Rosario Tumino, Elio Riboli, Marc J. Gunter, Andrew D. Jones, Carl Lachat

Health and economic benefits of achieving hepatitis C virus elimination in Pakistan: A modelling study and economic analysis

Aaron G. Lim, Nick Scott, Josephine G. Walker, Saeed Hamid, Margaret Hellard, Peter Vickerman

Changes in the associations of race and rurality with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and case fatality in the United States from February 2020 to March 2021: A population-based cohort study

George N. Ioannou, Jacqueline M. Ferguson, Ann M. O’Hare, Amy S. B. Bohnert, Lisa I. Backus, Edward J. Boyko, Thomas F. Osborne, Matthew L. Maciejewski, C. Barrett Bowling, Denise M. Hynes, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Melody Saysana, Pamela Green, Kristin Berry

Offering ART refill through community health workers versus clinic-based follow-up after home-based same-day ART initiation in rural Lesotho: The VIBRA cluster-randomized clinical trial

Alain Amstutz, Thabo Ishmael Lejone, Lefu Khesa, Mathebe Kopo, Mpho Kao, Josephine Muhairwe, Moniek Bresser, Fabian Räber, Thomas Klimkait, Manuel Battegay, Tracy Renée Glass, Niklaus Daniel Labhardt

Cancer risk in individuals with intellectual disability in Sweden: A population-based cohort study

Qianwei Liu, Hans-Olov Adami, Abraham Reichenberg, Alexander Kolevzon, Fang Fang, Sven Sandin

Effectiveness of knowledge brokering and recommendation dissemination for influencing healthcare resource allocation decisions: A cluster randomised controlled implementation trial

Mitchell N. Sarkies, Lauren M. Robins, Megan Jepson, Cylie M. Williams, Nicholas F. Taylor, Lisa O’Brien, Jenny Martin, Anne Bardoel, Meg E. Morris, Leeanne M. Carey, Anne E. Holland, Katrina M. Long, Terry P. Haines

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Evaluating the impact of DREAMS on HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women: A population-based cohort study in Kenya and South Africa

Isolde Birdthistle, Daniel Kwaro, Maryam Shahmanesh, Kathy Baisley, Sammy Khagayi, Natsayi Chimbindi, Vivienne Kamire, Nondumiso Mthiyane, Annabelle Gourlay, Jaco Dreyer, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Judith Glynn, Sian Floyd

Unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care in 35 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys

Maja E. Marcus, Cara Ebert, Pascal Geldsetzer, Michaela Theilmann, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Pascal Bovet, Farshad Farzadfar, Mongal Singh Gurung, Corine Houehanou, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Joao S. Martins, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Roy Wong-McClure, Justine I. Davies, Mark A. Hlatky, Rifat Atun, Till W. Bärnighausen, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Sebastian Vollmer

The estimated health impact of sodium reduction through food reformulation in Australia: A modeling study

Kathy Trieu, Daisy H. Coyle, Ashkan Afshin, Bruce Neal, Matti Marklund, Jason H. Y. Wu

Early childhood undernutrition, preadolescent physical growth, and cognitive achievement in India: A population-based cohort study

Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Wenjun Li, Jean A. Frazier, Tiffany Moore Simas, Somashekhar M. Nimbalkar, Jeroan J. Allison

Safety and immunogenicity of 2-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccination in healthy and HIV-infected adults: A randomised, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial in Africa

Houreratou Barry, Gaudensia Mutua, Hannah Kibuuka, Zacchaeus Anywaine, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Nicolas Meda, Omu Anzala, Serge Eholie, Christine Bétard, Laura Richert, Christine Lacabaratz, M. Juliana McElrath, Stephen De Rosa, Kristen W. Cohen, Georgi Shukarev, Cynthia Robinson, Auguste Gaddah, Dirk Heerwegh, Viki Bockstal, Kerstin Luhn, Maarten Leyssen, Macaya Douoguih, Rodolphe Thiébaut, the EBL2002 Study group