Stigma as a fundamental hindrance to the United States opioid overdose crisis response

• Alexander C. Tsai ,

  * E-mail: actsai@partners.org

  Affiliations Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-7917

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• Mathew V. Kiang,

  Affiliation Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-150X

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• Michael L. Barnett,

  Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-6609

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• Leo Beletsky,

  Affiliations Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-0676

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• Katherine M. Keyes,

  Affiliation Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America

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• Emma E. McGinty,

  Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Laramie R. Smith,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

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• Steffanie A. Strathdee,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-691X

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• Sarah E. Wakeman,

  Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-2713

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• Atheendar S. Venkataramani

  Affiliations Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-8903

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