About the Authors

Si Fang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Si.Fang@bristol.ac.uk (SF); Tom.G.Richardson@bristol.ac.uk (TGR)

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

James Yarmolinsky

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Dipender Gill

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Caroline J. Bull

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

Claire M. Perks

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

the PRACTICAL Consortium

Membership of the PRACTICAL consortium is provided in S1 File.

George Davey Smith

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Tom R. Gaunt

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Tom G. Richardson

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Si.Fang@bristol.ac.uk (SF); Tom.G.Richardson@bristol.ac.uk (TGR)

Affiliations Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: DG is employed part-time by Novo Nordisk outside of this work. TGR is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline outside of this research. TRG and GDS receives funding from Biogen for unrelated research. GDS is an Academic Editor on PLOS Medicine’s editorial board. All other co-authors declare no conflict of interest.