About the Authors

Amit Kaura

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Adam Hartley

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Vasileios Panoulas

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Ben Glampson

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Software

Affiliation NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Anoop S. V. Shah

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Jim Davies

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abdulrahim Mulla

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Kerrie Woods

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Joe Omigie

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR King’s Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Anoop D. Shah

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Mark R. Thursz

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Paul Elliott

Roles Investigation

Affiliations NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, Health Data Research, London Substantive Site, United Kingdom

Harry Hemmingway

Roles Investigation

Affiliations NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, Health Data Research, London Substantive Site, United Kingdom

Bryan Williams

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Folkert W. Asselbergs

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Michael O’Sullivan

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Graham M. Lord

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Adam Trickey

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Jonathan AC Sterne

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR King’s Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Dorian O. Haskard

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Narbeh Melikian

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR King’s Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Darrel P. Francis

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Wolfgang Koenig

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Ajay M. Shah

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR King’s Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Rajesh Kharbanda

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Divaka Perera

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Riyaz S. Patel

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Keith M. Channon

Roles Investigation

Affiliation NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jamil Mayet

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

j.mayet@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Ramzi Khamis

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: WK is a member of the Executive Steering Committee of CANTOS and has received modest amounts for consulting from Novartis). All remaining authors declare no competing interests.