https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-8786
About the Authors
- Joshua A. Bell
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Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: j.bell@bristol.ac.uk
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Kaitlin H. Wade
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Linda M. O’Keeffe
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- David Carslake
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Emma E. Vincent
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Michael V. Holmes
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nicholas J. Timpson
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- George Davey Smith
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Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
MVH has collaborated with Boehringer Ingelheim in research, and in adherence to the University of Oxford’s Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CSTU) staff policy, did not accept personal honoraria or other payments from pharmaceutical companies. GDS is a PLOS Medicine editorial board member. No others to declare.