About the Authors

Lucas E. Hermans

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa

Sergio Carmona

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa

Monique Nijhuis

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands, Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Hugo A. Tempelman

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Douglas D. Richman

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, United States of America, VA San Diego Healthcare System, California, United States of America

Michelle Moorhouse

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Diederick E. Grobbee

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa, Clinical Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Willem D. F. Venter

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa

Annemarie M. J. Wensing

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

A.M.J.Wensing@umcutrecht.nl

Affiliations Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, South Africa

Competing Interests

AMJW, LEH, and MN report funding from The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW/WOTRO) during the study. AMJW further reports grants and consultancy fees from Janssen, Merck, ViiV Healthcare, and Gilead; grants and nonfinancial support from CLJI; and nonfinancial support and other from Virology Education, outside the submitted work, all paid to the University Medical Center Utrecht.