About the Authors

Yongfu Yu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Administrative Data Research Centre for England, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Zeyan Liew

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Aolin Wang

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Onyebuchi A. Arah

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Statistics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jialiang Li

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Department of Statistics & Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Jørn Olsen

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Sven Cnattingius

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Guoyou Qin

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Carsten Obel

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Bo Fu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

fu@fudan.edu.cn (BF); jl@clin.au.dk (JL)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Administrative Data Research Centre for England, University College London, London, United Kingdom, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Jiong Li

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

fu@fudan.edu.cn (BF); jl@clin.au.dk (JL)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.