About the Authors

Nathalie Conrad

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew Judge

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

Dexter Canoy

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jenny Tran

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Johanna O’Donnell

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Milad Nazarzadeh

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

F. D. Richard Hobbs

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

John G. Cleland

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow and National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

John J. V. McMurray

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Kazem Rahimi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

kazem.rahimi@georgeinstitute.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: NC's work is funded by a research grant from the British Heart Foundation. AJ has received consultancy fees from Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and has held advisory board positions (which involved receipt of fees) from Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., outside of the submitted work. JT declared funding for scholarships and grants from Rhodes Trust, Clarendon Fund, and British Research Council. JGFC has received honoraria or research support from Amgen, Bayer, Medtronic, Novartis, and Servier. FDRH has received occasional funding from Novartis in relation to speaking or consultancy on heart failure in the past 3 years. KR receives a stipend as a Speciality Consulting Editor for PLOS Medicine and serves on the journal's Editorial Board.