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About the Authors

Mattias Johansson

Contributed equally to this work with: Mattias Johansson, Robert Carreras-Torres

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: johanssonm@iarc.fr (MJ); gep@iarc.fr (PB)

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

Robert Carreras-Torres

Contributed equally to this work with: Mattias Johansson, Robert Carreras-Torres

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-734X

Ghislaine Scelo

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

Mark P. Purdue

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Daniela Mariosa

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

David C. Muller

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Nicolas J. Timpson

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9189

Philip C. Haycock

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-3350

Kevin M. Brown

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-6711

Zhaoming Wang

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Yuanqing Ye

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Jonathan N. Hofmann

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Matthieu Foll

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

Valerie Gaborieau

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

Mitchell J. Machiela

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6538-9705

Leandro M. Colli

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Peng Li

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0682-9819

Jean-Guillaume Garnier

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Centre de l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France, Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France

Helene Blanche

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France

Anne Boland

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Centre de l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France

Laurie Burdette

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Egor Prokhortchouk

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

Konstantin G. Skryabin

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

Meredith Yeager

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sanja Radojevic-Skodric

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Pathology, Medical School of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-8285

Simona Ognjanovic

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research (IOCPR), Belgrade, Serbia

Lenka Foretova

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

Ivana Holcatova

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-0337

Vladimir Janout

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Dana Mates

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-9807

Anush Mukeriya

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-9295

Stefan Rascu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

David Zaridze

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

Vladimir Bencko

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Cezary Cybulski

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Eleonora Fabianova

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-8427

Viorel Jinga

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7632-5328

Jolanta Lissowska

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

Jan Lubinski

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Marie Navratilova

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

Peter Rudnai

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary

Simone Benhamou

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations INSERM U946, Paris, France, CNRS UMR8200, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

Geraldine Cancel-Tassin

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations CeRePP, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9583-6382

Olivier Cussenot

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations CeRePP, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France, AP-HP, Department of Urology, Hopitaux Universitaires Est Parisien Tenon, Paris, France

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-0533

Elisabete Weiderpass

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-0128

Börje Ljungberg

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Raviprakash Tumkur Sitaram

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Christel Häggström

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Fiona Bruinsma

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-2015

Susan J. Jordan

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-1414

Gianluca Severi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations “Health across generations” team, CESP Inserm, Facultés de Médicine Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-419X

Ingrid Winship

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-6003

Kristian Hveem

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Lars J. Vatten

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Tony Fletcher

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-200X

Susanna C. Larsson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-0341

Alicja Wolk

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-6845

Rosamonde E. Banks

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0042-8715

Peter J. Selby

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Diagnostic Evidence Cooperative, Division of Surgery, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Douglas F. Easton

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Gabriella Andreotti

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Laura E. Beane Freeman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-4124

Stella Koutros

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Satu Männistö

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Stephanie Weinstein

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-1535

Peter E. Clark

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Todd L. Edwards

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-6119

Loren Lipworth

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Susan M. Gapstur

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-2110

Victoria L. Stevens

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0259-4407

Hallie Carol

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-9785

Matthew L. Freedman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mark M. Pomerantz

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-1157

Eunyoung Cho

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Kathryn M. Wilson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

J. Michael Gaziano

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Howard D. Sesso

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Neal D. Freedman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-1098

Alexander S. Parker

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America

Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Wen-Yi Huang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-3368

Richard J. Kahnoski

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Brian R. Lane

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Sabrina L. Noyes

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

David Petillo

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Diagnostics Program at Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-4644

Bin Tean Teh

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National, University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Ulrike Peters

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Emily White

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Garnet L. Anderson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation WHI Clinical Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-7837

Lisa Johnson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Juhua Luo

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America

Julie Buring

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

I-Min Lee

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wong-Ho Chow

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Lee E. Moore

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-8283

Timothy Eisen

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Marc Henrion

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom, Dept. of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-839X

James Larkin

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Poulami Barman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-9868

Bradley C. Leibovich

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Toni K. Choueiri

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-3217

G. Mark Lathrop

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Jean-Francois Deleuze

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Centre de l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France, Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France

Marc Gunter

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

James D. McKay

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-3874

Xifeng Wu

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Richard S. Houlston

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom

Stephen J. Chanock

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Caroline Relton

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

J. Brent Richards

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-9086

Richard M. Martin

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-7719

George Davey Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314

Paul Brennan

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: johanssonm@iarc.fr (MJ); gep@iarc.fr (PB)

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0518-8714

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: TE declared employment, research support, and stock in AstraZeneca and research support from Bayer and Pfizer. PCH is a population health fellow of Cancer Research UK. GDS is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine.