About the Authors

Fumiaki Imamura

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

fumiaki.imamura@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Amanda Fretts

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Matti Marklund

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden

Andres V. Ardisson Korat

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wei-Sin Yang

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan

Maria Lankinen

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Waqas Qureshi

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Catherine Helmer

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Tzu-An Chen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Kerry Wong

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

Julie K. Bassett

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

Rachel Murphy

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Nathan Tintle

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America

Chaoyu Ian Yu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Ingeborg A. Brouwer

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Kuo-Liong Chien

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan

Alexis C. Frazier-Wood

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Liana C. del Gobbo

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Luc Djoussé

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Johanna M. Geleijnse

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Graham G. Giles

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

Janette de Goede

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Vilmundur Gudnason

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Holtasmári 1, Kópavogur, Iceland, Iceland

William S. Harris

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America, OmegaQuant Analytics LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America

Allison Hodge

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

Frank Hu

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

InterAct Consortium

Membership of the InterAct Consortium and the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE) is linked to in the Acknowledgements.

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Albert Koulman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Markku Laakso

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Lars Lind

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Hung-Ju Lin

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan

Barbara McKnight

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Kalina Rajaobelina

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Ulf Risérus

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden

Jennifer G. Robinson

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine at the University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Cécilia Samieri

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

David S. Siscovick

Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands

Nona Sotoodehnia

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Qi Sun

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael Y. Tsai

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Matti Uusitupa

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Lynne E. Wagenknecht

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Nick J. Wareham

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jason HY Wu

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Renata Micha

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nita G. Forouhi

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Rozenn N. Lemaitre

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Dariush Mozaffarian

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)

Membership of the InterAct Consortium and the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE) is linked to in the Acknowledgements.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JHYW and RM report research support from Unilever for other projects of the FORCE on other fatty acid biomarkers. RM reports personal fees from the World Bank and Bunge outside the submitted work. IAB reported involvement in a research project partly funded by Unilever. JMG and JdG received funding from Unilever for epidemiological studies of dietary and circulating fatty acids and cardiometabolic disease and for research on assessment of fatty acids. LCdG reported receiving ad hoc consulting fees from the Life Sciences Research Organization. CH reported receiving fees for a conference from Novartis. NGF is an invited member (unpaid) of ILSI-Europe Qualitative Fat Intake Task Force Expert Group on update on health effects of different saturated fats. DM reports research funding from the NIH and the Gates Foundation; personal fees from GOED, DSM, Nutrition Impact, Pollock Communications, Bunge, Indigo Agriculture, Amarin, Acasti Pharma, and America’s Test Kitchen; scientific advisory board, Omada Health, Elysium Health, and DayTwo; and chapter royalties from UpToDate; all outside the submitted work. Patents US8889739 and US9987243 to Tufts University (unlicensed), listing DM as a co-inventor, for use of trans-palmitoleic acid to prevent and treat insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and related conditions, as well as reduce metabolic risk factors. SSSM reported receiving an international award and unrestricted grants for meta-analysis work on dairy foods and cardiometabolic diseases from Global and Dutch Dairy Associations. Other authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare. The lead author affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.