About the Authors

Jianxin Shi

Contributed equally to this work with: Jianxin Shi, Xing Hua

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Xing Hua

Contributed equally to this work with: Jianxin Shi, Xing Hua

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Bin Zhu

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sarangan Ravichandran

Affiliation Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Mingyi Wang

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Cu Nguyen

Affiliation Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Seth A. Brodie

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Alessandro Palleschi

Affiliation Division of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Marco Alloisio

Affiliation Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

Gianluca Pariscenti

Affiliation Thoracic Surgery Unit, Community Hospital, Brescia, Italy

Kristine Jones

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Weiyin Zhou

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Aaron J. Bouk

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Joseph Boland

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Belynda Hicks

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Adam Risch

Affiliation Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Hunter Bennett

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Brian T. Luke

Affiliation Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Lei Song

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Jubao Duan

Affiliation Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Pengyuan Liu

Affiliation Department of Physiology & Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Takashi Kohno

Affiliation Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan

Qingrong Chen

Affiliation Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Daoud Meerzaman

Affiliation Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Crystal Marconett

Affiliation Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Ite Laird-Offringa

Affiliation Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Ian Mills

Affiliation Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom

Neil E. Caporaso

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mitchell H. Gail

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Angela C. Pesatori

Affiliations Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Dario Consonni

Affiliation Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Pier Alberto Bertazzi

Affiliations Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Stephen J. Chanock

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Maria Teresa Landi

landim@mail.nih.gov

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: MTL JS. Data curation: AR DC. Formal analysis: JS XH SR MW CN LS. Funding acquisition: MTL SC PAB NEC. Investigation: BTL JD QC DM CM ILO IM ACP DC AP MA GP PAB SJC. Methodology: JS XH BZ SR MW CN LS MHG. Project administration: MTL SC PAB. Resources: AP MA GP TK NEC MTL. Software: XH MW LS WZ CN HB PL AR. Supervision: MTL SC PAB. Validation: SAB KJ AJB JB BH TK. Visualization: XH SR CN. Writing – original draft: JS MTL. Writing – review & editing: JS XH BZ SR MW CN SAB AP MA GP KJ WZ AJB JB BH AR HB BTL LS JD PL TK QC DM CM ILO IM NEC MHG ACP DC PAB SJC MTL.