About the Authors

Leonard S. Rubenstein

lrubenstein@jhu.edu

Affiliations Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Scott A. Allen

Affiliation University of California at Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America

Phyllis A. Guze

Affiliation University of California at Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and we have the following conflicts: SAA and LSR served on the Institute on Medicine as a Profession Task Force on Preserving Medical Professionalism in National Security Detention Centers. SAA is a consultant to the Department of Homeland Security. LSR provided input to the medical ethics subcommittee of the Defense Health Board.

Author Contributions

Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: SAA. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: LSR SAA PAG. Agree with the manuscript’s results and conclusions: LSR SAA PAG. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.