About the Authors

Soo-Yon Rhee

syrhee@stanford.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Jose Luis Blanco

Affiliation Hospital Clinic Universitari–Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Michael R. Jordan

Affiliation Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jonathan Taylor

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Philippe Lemey

Affiliation KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium

Vici Varghese

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Raph L. Hamers

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Silvia Bertagnolio

Affiliation World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Tobias F. Rinke de Wit

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Avelin F. Aghokeng

Affiliation Virology Laboratory CREMER-IMPM, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Jan Albert

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Radko Avi

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Santiago Avila-Rios

Affiliation National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico

Pascal O. Bessong

Affiliation HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa

James I. Brooks

Affiliation National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Charles A. B. Boucher

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Zabrina L. Brumme

Affiliations British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Michael P. Busch

Affiliation Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Hermann Bussmann

Affiliation Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana

Marie-Laure Chaix

Affiliation Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U941, Paris, France

Bum Sik Chin

Affiliation Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Toni T. D’Aquin

Affiliation CIRBA-Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Cillian F. De Gascun

Affiliation UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Anne Derache

Affiliation Department of Virology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France

Diane Descamps

Affiliation Laboratoire de Virologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, INSERM UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

Alaka K. Deshpande

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College and Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India

Cyrille F. Djoko

Affiliation Global Viral Cameroon, Intendance Round About, EMAT/CRESAR, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Susan H. Eshleman

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Herve Fleury

Affiliation Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Pierre Frange

Affiliation Microbiology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

Seiichiro Fujisaki

Affiliation Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

P. Richard Harrigan

Affiliation British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Junko Hattori

Affiliation National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan

Africa Holguin

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain

Gillian M. Hunt

Affiliation Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa

Hiroshi Ichimura

Affiliation Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Pontiano Kaleebu

Affiliation MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda

David Katzenstein

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Jerome H. Kim

Affiliation US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Sung Soon Kim

Affiliation Division of AIDS, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea

Yanpeng Li

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

Irja Lutsar

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Lynn Morris

Affiliation Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa

Nicaise Ndembi

Affiliation Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria

Kee Peng NG

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ramesh S. Paranjape

Affiliation National AIDS Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India

Martine Peeters

Affiliations Unité Mixte Internationale 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM U1175, and University of Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France, Computational Biology Institute, Montpellier, France

Mario Poljak

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Matt A. Price

Affiliations Department of Medical Affairs, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Manon L. Ragonnet-Cronin

Affiliation University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Gustavo Reyes-Terán

Affiliation National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico

Morgane Rolland

Affiliation US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Sunee Sirivichayakul

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

Davey M. Smith

Affiliation University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Marcelo A. Soares

Affiliation Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Vincent V. Soriano

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Deogratius Ssemwanga

Affiliation MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda

Maja Stanojevic

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Mariane A. Stefani

Affiliation Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil

Wataru Sugiura

Affiliation National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan

Somnuek Sungkanuparph

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Amilcar Tanuri

Affiliation Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Kok Keng Tee

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hong-Ha M. Truong

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America

David A. M. C. van de Vijver

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Nicole Vidal

Affiliation Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France

Chunfu Yang

Affiliation International Laboratory Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Rongge Yang

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

Gonzalo Yebra

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain

John P. A. Ioannidis

Affiliations Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Affiliations KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Robert W. Shafer

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

JHK and MR are employees of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, however, the views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of the Departments of the Army or Defense. DD has received honoraria and travel grants from Viiv Healthcare, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead-Sciences, MSD and BMS for participation to advisory boards and international conferences. SHE collaborates on research studies with investigators from Abbott Laboratories (distributor of the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System). Abbott Laboratories has provided reagents and performed testing for some collaborative studies. PF has received paid employment for educational presentation (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen-Cilag), travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings (Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Gilead, Astellas). WS has received honoraria for speaking from Viiv, MSD, Janssen and Torii. PRH has received grants from, served as an ad hoc advisor to, or spoke at various events sponsored by: Pfizer, Glaxo-Smith Kline, Abbott, Merck, Tobira Therapeutics, Virco and Quest Diagnostics. MAP was supported in part from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), however, the contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. SB is a staff member of the World Health Organization and the contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Health Organization. JPAI is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AMV JLB JPAI MRJ RWS SYR. Performed the experiments: JLB RWS SYR VV. Analyzed the data: JT PL RWS SYR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AD AFA AH AKD AT BSC CABB CFD CFDG CY DAMCvdV DD DK DMS DS GMH GRT GY HB HF HHMT HI IL JA JH JHK JIB KKT KPN LM MAP MASo MASt MLC MLRC MPe MPo MPB MR MS NN NV PF PK POB PRH RA RLH RSP RY SAR SF SHE SK SSi SSu SSK TFRdW TTD VVS WS YL ZLB. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: JLB RWS SYR. Wrote the paper: AH AMV CY DAMCvdV HHMT JA JLB JIB JPAI JT MASo MLRC MR MRJ PL PRH RLH RWS SB SYR. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: AD AFA AH AKD AT AMV BSC CABB CFD CFDG CY DAMCvdV DD DK DMS DS GMH GRT GY HB HF HHMT HI IL JA JLB JH JHK JIB JPAI JT KKT KPN LM MAP MASo MASt MLC MLRC MPe MPo MPB MR MRJ MS NN NV PF PK PL POB PRH RA RLH RSP RWS RY SAR SB SF SHE SK SSi SSu SSK SYR TFRdW TTD VV VVS WS YL ZLB. All authors have read, and agree that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.