About the Authors

Isuru Ranasinghe

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Yongfei Wang

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Kumar Dharmarajan

Affiliations Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Angela F. Hsieh

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Susannah M. Bernheim

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Harlan M. Krumholz

harlan.krumholz@yale.edu

Affiliations Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, The Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

YW, SB, and HMK work under contract with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to develop and maintain performance measures. HMK is chair of a cardiac scientific advisory board for UnitedHealth and is the recipient of a research grants, through Yale University, from Medtronic and from Johnson & Johnson to develop methods of clinical trial data sharing. HMK is a consultant to Premier, Inc. and VHA, Inc.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. Performed the experiments: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. Analyzed the data: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: IR. Wrote the paper: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: IR YW KD AFH SMB HMK.