About the Authors

Nav Persaud

Affiliations Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Thom Ringer

Affiliation Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Trudo Lemmens

Trudo.lemmens@utoronto.ca

Affiliations Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

NP is an Associate Editor for the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Two of the authors (NP and TL) have been faced with editorial decisions that resulted either in a rejection of an article on the basis of concerns about potential litigation following an earlier acceptance decision (NP), or in a request for revision based on concerns about litigation (NP/TL), or removal of a section of an article prior to publication and without permission of author (TL). TR was an employee of Infrastructure Ontario, an agency of the Province of Ontario, Canada, when this article was conceived and written.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: NP TR TL. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: NP TR TL. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: NP TR TL. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: NP TR TL. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: NP TR TL.