About the Authors
- Myrsini Kaforou
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Contributed equally to this work with: Myrsini Kaforou, Victoria J. Wright, Tolu Oni, Neil French
Affiliations Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Victoria J. Wright
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Contributed equally to this work with: Myrsini Kaforou, Victoria J. Wright, Tolu Oni, Neil French
Affiliation Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Tolu Oni
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Contributed equally to this work with: Myrsini Kaforou, Victoria J. Wright, Tolu Oni, Neil French
Affiliations Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neil French
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Contributed equally to this work with: Myrsini Kaforou, Victoria J. Wright, Tolu Oni, Neil French
Affiliations Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Karonga District, Malawi, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Suzanne T. Anderson
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Affiliations Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Nonzwakazi Bangani
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Affiliation Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Claire M. Banwell
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Affiliations Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Andrew J. Brent
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Affiliations Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Amelia C. Crampin
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Affiliations Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Karonga District, Malawi, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Hazel M. Dockrell
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Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Brian Eley
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Affiliation Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Robert S. Heyderman
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Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Martin L. Hibberd
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Affiliation Infectious Disease, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Florian Kern
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Affiliation Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Paul R. Langford
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Affiliation Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ling Ling
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Affiliation Infectious Disease, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Marc Mendelson
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Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tom H. Ottenhoff
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Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Femia Zgambo
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Affiliation Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Karonga District, Malawi
- Robert J. Wilkinson
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¶Contributed equally to this work with: Robert J. Wilkinson, Lachlan J. Coin, Michael Levin
Affiliations Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
- Lachlan J. Coin
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¶Contributed equally to this work with: Robert J. Wilkinson, Lachlan J. Coin, Michael Levin
Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Michael Levin
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* E-mail: m.levin@imperial.ac.uk
¶Contributed equally to this work with: Robert J. Wilkinson, Lachlan J. Coin, Michael Levin
Affiliation Section of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that patent applications have been filed for the Disease Risk score (GB1201766.1) and TB/LTBI and TB/OD signatures (GB1213636.2).
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MK VJW NF STA AJB HMD BE RSH MLH FK PRL MM RJW LJC ML. Performed the experiments: MK VJW TO NB CMB LL FZ. Analyzed the data: MK VJW TO NF ACC RJW LJC ML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MLH THO. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: MK VJW NF RJW LJC ML. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MK VJW TO NF ACC HMD RSH RJW LJC ML. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: MK VJW TO NF STA NB CMB AJB ACC HMD BE RSH MLH FK PRL LL MM THO FZ RJW LJC ML. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: MK VJW TO NF STA NB CMB AJB ACC HMD BE RSH MLH FK PRL LL MM THO FZ RJW LJC ML. Enrolled patients: TO NF NB FZ RJW.