About the Authors

Nadine Seward

n.seward@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

David Osrin

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Leah Li

Affiliation UCL, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Anthony Costello

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Tanja A. J. Houweling

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Joanna Morrison

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Nirmala Nair

Affiliation Ekjut, Chakradharpur, Jharkhand, India

Prasanta Tripathy

Affiliation Ekjut, Chakradharpur, Jharkhand, India

Kishwar Azad

Affiliation Perinatal Care Project (PCP), Bangladesh

Dharma Manandhar

Affiliation Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Nepal

Audrey Prost

Affiliation UCL, Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

David Osrin is on the Editorial Board of PLoS Medicine. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NS AP AC. Analyzed the data: NS. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: NS AP. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: NS DO LL AP-B TH JM NN PT KA DM AC AP. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: NS DO LL AP-B TH JM NN PT KA DM AC AP. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: NS DO LL AP-B TH JM NN PT KA DM AC AP. Advised on data analysis strategies: LL AP-B TH. Coordinated development of the paper: NS AC AP.