About the Authors

Aoife M. Doyle

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

David A. Ross

david.ross@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania, AMREF (African Medical & Research Foundation), Mwanza, Tanzania

Kaballa Maganja

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Kathy Baisley

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Clemens Masesa

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Aura Andreasen

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Mary L. Plummer

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania, AMREF (African Medical & Research Foundation), Mwanza, Tanzania

Angela I. N. Obasi

Affiliations AMREF (African Medical & Research Foundation), Mwanza, Tanzania, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Helen A. Weiss

Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Saidi Kapiga

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Deborah Watson-Jones

Affiliations London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

John Changalucha

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre, Tanzania

Richard J. Hayes

Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

for the MEMA kwa Vijana Trial Study Group

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: AMD DAR KM KB CM AA MMP AINO HAW SK DWJ JC RJH. Agree with the manuscript's results and conclusions: AMD DAR KM KB CM AA MMP AINO HAW SK DWJ JC RJH. Designed the experiments/the study: AMD DAR MMP AINO DWJ JC RJH. Analyzed the data: AMD. Collected data/did experiments for the study: KM AA SK. Wrote the first draft of the paper: AMD DAR. Contributed to the writing of the paper: AMD DAR KM KB CM AA MMP AINO HAW SK DWJ JC RJH. Co-led the design and coordinated the Long-term Evaluation Phase of the trial in Mwanza (2006–2008): AMD. Was a PI and contributed to all aspects of the trial throughout (1997–2008) and lead PI for the Long-Term Evaluation Phase: DAR. In charge of data management (2006 to mid-2008) and contributed to the analysis: KB. In charge of data management (mid-2008 to 2009): CM. Co-supervised the laboratory work: AA. Led the qualitative social research that contributed to intervention design and the interpretation of the trial findings, played a leading role in the design and implementation of some First Phase surveys, and advised on the design and interpretation of the Long-term Evaluation: MLP. Designed the intervention which the paper evaluates: AINO. Advised on the analysis: HAW. Advised on the data collection (2007–2008) and interpretation of the trial results: SK. Advised on protocol development, training and supervision of fieldwork and analysis; and was co-PI on the Long-term Evaluation Phase of the trial: DWJ. Co-supervised the laboratory work and was co-Investigator on the trial's First Phase and co-PI on the Long-Term Evaluation Phase: JC. Was PI of the original cluster randomised trial within which this long-term follow-up survey was embedded; led the design of the trial and contributed to all aspects of the trial including the data analysis: RJH.